Tranem - Course technical content

Four different kinds of activities are foreseen in the program: (C) classroom training activities in form of presenting lectures, (P) practical training in form of conducting demonstrations, exercises and tests, (D) moderated discussions for sharing trainees' experiences and (E) the evaluation of activities. Overview of the activities.
C	Classroom training activities
The lectures cover all those topical areas that are listed in the tender description. Additionally, two new topical areas have been included in the program: one is on the international co-operation in radiological emergency management and the other is on the preparation, conduct and evaluation of emergency response exercises. Based on their logical relationships the topical areas have been grouped into units. Presenting the lectures in the order of the units was an important aspect in consideration during the compilation of the Course Agenda. It also indicates experts' names responsible for compiling and presenting the classroom lectures. A detailed outline of the classroom training is listed below:
C01:	Introduction and course overview Welcome Introduction of trainers Course objectives Structure of the course Training methods Introduction of participants Overview of participants' expectations Logistics
C02:	Introduction to radiological emergency management Nuclear emergencies and radiological accidents Goals of radiological emergency management Scope of radiological emergency management Threat categories Areas and zones Emergency classes Phases of emergency management
C03:	Transfer pathways to the environment and human exposure pathways Principle of defence in depth Series of safety barriers Levels of protection Potential transfer pathways to the environment Contamination and exposure pathways Transfer to foodchain Potential human exposure pathways External radiation (direct, ground and cloud shining) Internal radiation (inhalation, intake)
C04:	Health aspects of radiation Tissue reactions and deterministic effects Stochastic effects Prenatal exposure effects Psychological health effects (distress, fear of health effects of radiation) Dose quantities and assessment of radiation exposure
C05:	Principles of intervention Characterizing interventions Dose concepts and quantities for interventions (projected dose, averted dose) Principles of protection of the public in intervention situations, justification and optimization (intervention levels, operational intervention and action levels) Protection of personnel engaged in intervention situations
C06:	Interventions in the early phase Decision-making in the early phase Protective actions Intervention levels Zones and areas Protection of emergency workers Protection of public
C07:	Interventions in the late phase Relocation and resettlement (temporary relocation and return, permanent resettlement) Foodstuff restrictions and agricultural countermeasures Decontamination and clean up Derivation of intervention and action levels for late-phase countermeasures
C08:	Countermeasures for food production systems Food chains Sample collection, monitoring plan Implementation of the countermeasures Compensation Waste management
C09:	Decision aiding techniques Information collection Processing of data (meteorological data, environmental measurement data, plant data) Nuclear methodology Dispersion calculation methodology
C10:	Decision support systems Decision support systems (InterRAS, RODOS, SINAC, etc.) Calculations Presentation of data Maps Protective action recommendation
C11:	Monitoring and data management strategies Principles of environmental monitoring Remote monitoring Field monitoring, monitoring strategies Sampling Principles of data management Data forward, process and archive Data evaluation
C12:	International data and information exchange Requirements from conventions, agreements, decisions Types of information and data Communication techniques and tools (advantages and drawbacks) EMERCON and ENAC ECURIE and EURDEP
C13:	European Community legislation Mode-specific transport agreements Council decision Co-operation at European level Co-operation at regional level
C14:	International co-operation in radiological emergency management The Early Notification and Assistance Conventions The role of IAEA (Safety Standards Series, IEC, ENATOM, ENAC, International Action Plan, CA meetings and NCACG, RANET) Other international organizations (WMO, WHO and FAO) The OECD NEA activities The IACRNE
C15:	Emergency plan: organization and requirements Goals of emergency planning and response Structure of emergency response plan Structure of national nuclear emergency response system Functions, responsibilities and critical tasks Infrastructure elements Integrated planning concept, step-by-step approach Quality management in emergency planning and response
C16:	Preparation, conduct and evaluation of emergency response exercises Planning Goal of exercises Types of exercises Roles and responsibilities Preparation Conduct Evaluation Improving actions, feedback
C17:	Management of radiation source accidents and incidents "A" levels of radioisotopes Tests to be accomplished by package designs Credible scenario Environmental consequences Organizations to be involved Operative response Tactical response Strategic response
C18:	Preparedness for radiological and nuclear terrorism "D" levels of radionuclides Categorization of nuclear and radioactive materials Protection against theft and sabotage Credible scenario Modeling and calculations Environmental consequences Strategic response (differences from management of nuclear accidents occurring in facilities)
C19:	Public information and crisis communication Public and media communication Prevention of panic Credible information sources Effective communication Information materials prepared in advance Information to be provided to the public affected by the emergency
C20:	Economic, social, psychological and ethical aspects of intervention Costs of countermeasures Cost of radiation-induced health effects Indirect or secondary effect costs Boundaries and limitations of the estimation of economic consequences Social and psychological aspects of post-accident management Ethical issues
C21:	Rehabilitation of living conditions in contaminated territories International recommendations Contamination of environment Contamination of food chain Long-term countermeasures Waste management
P	Practical training activities
The practical training activities in form of thematic and table-top exercises, demonstrations and tests will assist to systematize and deepen the acquired knowledge. The exercises will be prepared, conducted and evaluated following the HAEA's regularly tested and advanced internal procedure on preparing for, conducting and evaluation of nuclear emergency response exercises. Objectives, scenarios, tasks and functions and performance criteria will be clearly defined. A detailed outline of the practical training is given below:
P01:	Thematic exercise on interventions Table-top exercise on late-phase interventions will be prepared, conducted and evaluated. Simulated dosimetric and environmental monitoring data and corresponding maps will be distributed for the assessment of a radiological situation in the early- and late-phases. Based on the assessments the most appropriate interventions have to be selected and their mutual effects to be analyzed.
P02:	Demonstration on decision aiding and support techniques The demonstrations will be organized in the Centre for Emergency Response, Training and Analysis of the HAEA using the available decision aiding techniques, like CERTA VITA, InterRAS, SPRINT, Risk Predictor, RODOS, SINAC, AMARview and the meteorological workstation.
P03:	Preparation for the course exercise A hypothetic country with a developed emergency response system will be introduced. Roles and responsibilities of the on-site, local and government level off-site organizations will be shared among course participants. Situation, timeline and activity expected from participants will be introduced. Correct understanding of tasks will be checked. Exercise materials will be disseminated and participants will be requested for active cooperation.
P04:	Course Test The Course Test will be arranged after accomplishing the basic training part of the course. Its purpose is to check the level of attaining the information conveyed to the participants during the 1-week training course. It will contribute also to identify weaker knowledge areas requiring further improvements for the participants. The Course Test will be compiled in form of a questionnaire using different questioning techniques. 5-10 questions will be elaborated by the lecturers to each of their topical areas, thus the entire course program will be covered by the questionnaire. The Course Test will be conducted and automatically evaluated on PCs of the HAEA's Training Centre.
P05:	Course Exercise The table-top Course Exercise will include a scenario taking place in a nuclear facility. The situation will develop step-by-step and will lead to major degradation of engineered barriers and a consequent release. Some obstacles requiring efforts from the participants will have to be overcome to consolidate the situation and implement the actions anticipated from response organizations in such situation.
D	Moderated discussions
Time for free discussions will be dedicated to share trainees' existing experiences. To increase the benefit from these discussions they will be moderated by the lecturers. The topical areas for discussions are selected with specific attention to their sensitivity. A detailed outline of the topical areas of the moderated discussions is given below:
D01:	Lessons from past radiological and nuclear accidents (Chernobyl, Three Mile Island, Goiania) Causes leading to the accidents Consequences Accident management on the level of state and local municipalities Issues that can be identified
D02:	Good practices in preparation for emergency response exercises Examples of documents to be prepared for an exercise How data and information should be prepared for an exercise Simulation of scenarios, not playing parties, obstacles to overcome
D03:	Good practices in crisis communication Lessons from the crisis communication with regard to 2003 serious incident at the Paks NPP Media emergency versus nuclear emergency How to be reliable and transparent in case of a nuclear or radiological emergency
E	Evaluation
The evaluation will be necessary for two reasons: in order to (i) evaluate the knowledge of the participants, to identify weak areas for their further individual preparation and to (ii) provide feedback to the course organizers on organizational experiences related to the 1-week training course. A detailed outline of the topical areas of the course evaluations is given below:
E01:	Evaluation of the Course Test. The evaluation of filling in the Course Test questionnaire will be performed automatically by the computer for each participant. A summary evaluation of the results highlighting stronger and weaker areas in filling in the questionnaire will be provided by the course organizers.
E02:	The participants will be requested to answer some training course related questions as well, in order to provide feedback to the lecturers and other experts involved in the preparation and conduct of the 1-week training course, which can be used later for further improvement of proceeding training courses. These responses will be used also as a contributing source for reporting to the EC about the conduct of the 1-week training course activities.